灿烂人生韩语

1983年12月31日，马迪奥从警局回到妹妹家。生性与家人疏远的马迪奥能够出现在新年夜的家庭聚会上，对于别人来说已经是个惊喜。他尝试着融入温馨的气氛中，和家人一起玩桌游，谨慎地不脱去外套，以防枪套和手枪被大家看到。

当他在小屋子里和妈妈讨论应该把枪放在哪里时，他是很想彻底让自己和其他人一样成为这个家里温暖的一部分的，可是也是在这个时候，与母亲相顾无言的尴尬让他终于放弃了尝试。有些事情真的做不到。他谎称警局有事，悄悄离开了家，回到了自己的公寓。几分钟后，在一片烟花之中，马迪奥从阳台翻身坠下。

很多评论都分析了马迪奥自杀的必然性：耿直又善良的性格让他无法接受现实无法改变的落差。极少数评论提到，马迪奥的同性倾向。

这不是一部同性电影，是否关注到马迪奥的性取向，对于观赏影片而言不会出现理解上的断层。不过如果能够从性向上注意到马迪奥的不同，会多一个因素去理解他的性格表现和最终的悲剧。

事实上，导演在影片中对于马迪奥的性取向给出了几次暗示。

影片开场后不久，马迪奥和尼古拉一起去参加舞会。有一组镜头是这样的。

马迪奥的手规规矩矩地放在女伴的腰部以上

与女伴交流时保持着一定的距离，眼神四顾

下一个镜头就切给了尼古拉。

尼古拉已经沉醉其中了

再下一个镜头：

女伴明显靠近，目光盯着马迪奥的嘴唇意图索吻

马迪奥迅速把脸移开左顾右盼

是因为马迪奥今天忧郁属性爆发了吗？

不一会儿，马迪奥在舞池中间旁若无人地自嗨

也许舞会上的女伴并不是马迪奥的菜？几天后，马迪奥带着尼古拉和朋友们去找自己认识的妓女玩。

马迪奥出门前从书本拿出藏好的私房钱，换上干净的衬衫，在篝火边等待时也很确定妓女会来，看起来轻车熟路的样子。然而在妓女的嘴里：

马迪奥“很古怪”

至少对于妓女来说，马迪奥同包括尼古拉之内的其他“客户”诉求不一样。

影片中段，马迪奥驱车去找了另一个性服务者，也就是给了他项链的那个人。

小臂、手部和脸部的轮廓刚毅，嗓音厚重，唇膏潦草地画到了嘴唇以上，可见这名性服务者并不是一个天生的女性。委内瑞拉虽然不像泰国那样以人妖闻名，也是存在变性者的。比如2014年国际变性人选美大赛的冠军就是来自委内瑞拉，当时媒体也有报道。

问题在于，马迪奥找变性性服务者，是“饥不择食”还是“有意为之”？答案还是要到上一组镜头里找。

出门前喝水

开车出门前，马迪奥独自在厨房，用杯子接了一杯水，一边喝一边若有所思，镜头很短。第一次看到这里我有一点小小的疑惑。我想很多观众都会认同一点，即使电影时长达到了366分钟，导演也不是一个滥用镜头的人。这样一个主要人物的单人镜头，它的用意是什么？

40分钟后，影片给了答案。

1983年12月31日，从家庭聚会上，可以说是“逃”回公寓的马迪奥，给美拉莉打电话不通，再次从厨房接了一杯水，露出若有所思的样子。

最后一杯水

放下水杯，马迪奥打开了阳台的门。

喝水，就像是马迪奥的条件反射。从导演的角度出发，喝水是一把象征着“孤寂”的钥匙，一把钥匙只能打开一扇门，这扇门对于马迪奥来说就是——“我要去做点让自己真正轻松的事情”。

上一次他选择遵从内心，去找一个身为男性的性服务者；这一次他选择从阳台一跃而下。

这是意大利。出于天主教的原因，意大利在西欧国家里更为保守。

影片开始的1966年，马迪奥拿好了私房钱换好了衬衫准备出门前，撞见了爸爸妈妈的争吵：爸爸为了拿到资金扩大生意，把家里的房子抵押了出去，妈妈愤怒不已。最终妹妹缓和了这次家庭纠纷，不过妈妈一时间还是无法原谅爸爸，气鼓鼓地和小女儿说：“可惜国家不许离婚……”

1972年，意大利才立法允许离婚。

意大利式离婚 (1961)

8.4

1961 / 意大利 / 喜剧 / 皮亚托·杰米 / 马塞洛·马斯楚安尼 达尼埃拉·罗卡

电影《意大利离婚》，就是讲在无法离婚的背景下，移情别恋的贵族为了逃离围城付出了怎样的“努力”。

对待婚姻已然如此，对待同性恋可想而知。

完美陌生人 (2016)

8.5

2016 / 意大利 / 剧情 喜剧 / 保罗·杰诺维塞 / 马可·贾利尼 卡夏·斯穆特尼亚克

从去年大火的电影《完美陌生人》里，我们可以管窥意大利对于同性恋的保守态度。故事发生在当下，即使面对从小长大的一群好朋友，人到中年的深柜男依然要小心翼翼地守住自己的秘密。自己的性向不小心被人所知后，他面对的是单位粗暴的解约、朋友恩断义绝的质问。

时间倒回到上个世纪，连轰轰烈烈的同性平权大背景都没有了。

影片里，爸爸来到尼古拉家探望小孙女。爸爸看到尼古拉依然用两个手指敲打字机，提出要帮忙。尼古拉知道了爸爸身患绝症的秘密，没有拒绝爸爸的好意。

整理庭审记录的过程中，尼古拉读到，受审的精神科医师惩罚性地对病人使用电击疗法，并且这个医师认为同性恋是一种疾病，需要特殊疗法（电击）治疗。爸爸回头认真地问：

这一段“同性恋不是病”的台词，有与没有都不影响当时的语境，加上了，是导演的善意。好像在一个平行时空里，家人可以彻底接纳真实的马迪奥。可是现实中，当时世界上的绝大多数人还是认为同性恋是一种精神疾病。

马迪奥有一套自己的善恶标准。

他可以在考试里顶撞老师，偷出遭受电击的精神病人、以暴制暴救下战友、和带着小孩子围观凶杀现场的家长对骂、殴打找人顶罪有恃无恐的毒贩。为了他所认为的“正确”，马迪奥做了许多超越世俗规则、不计自身后果的事。

在“爱”这个问题上，他的善恶标准失灵了。即使去找妓女，和爱慕自己的女孩一夜耳鬓厮磨，他也无法欺骗自己的感情。他爱不上女人。

被压抑的同性恋会导致多种多样的问题，其中的一类问题就是可能会带来畸态的家庭关系。一个人无法忍受亲人认识的自己是一个不真实的自己，于是他选择回避，刻意疏远了亲情关系。

调职回到家乡，马迪奥没有告诉家人。开车路上遇到年迈的父母在路边蹒跚而行，他没有停车打招呼，径直开走。

那么多次，马迪奥敢赌上自己的人生去坚持做对的事，难道连和父母打个招呼的勇气都没有么？

是的，就是没有。这不是不孝顺，这是一种无法和自己妥协的懦弱。

下一次马迪奥听到自己父亲的消息，是他的死讯。

1984年的元旦，一家人来到马迪奥的公寓。

眼看着一屋子遗物，妈妈想带点什么走，她用恳求的口吻说服儿女们帮忙带一些书回去。书，是马迪奥挚爱一生的东西。寒冷、衰老、悲痛的妈妈只能抱得住几本书。

出门时看到工人正在清洁马迪奥的血迹，妈妈再次情绪崩溃，刚刚还当宝贝一样抱着的书被她重重扔出去。她生自己的气。

前一天晚上，儿子突然造访，即使多年疏远，母爱的本能还是让她感觉到了儿子的异常。整个屋子里，她是对马迪奥关注最多的人。

想关心又怕打扰，除了说几句客套话，妈妈只能敏感而小心翼翼地笑着。

太晚了。妈妈既不知道马迪奥的忧郁从何而来，也不知道他的生命将去向何方。一个母亲只能静静地看着儿子从世间流逝，无所适从。

后注：

有豆友在评论中认为把马迪奥的性取向归为同性恋有过度解读的嫌疑。我去外网搜索了一下影片相关的内容，找到了影片的宣传资料。地址如下： http://www.public.asu.edu/~srbeatty/466/TheBestofYouth%20Pressbook.pdf

资料中的一部分是马迪奥的演员Alessio Boni的采访，里面提到了他对于角色形象塑造下了许多功夫。其中有一个段落就在讲马迪奥的性别认知，演员认为马迪奥有很强的性别认知模糊（a strong sexual ambiguity ），“He has a strong – repressed, undisclosed - homosexuality. ”并且采访中也提到了妓女认为马迪奥“奇怪”，以及马迪奥要找异装癖（a transvestite ）性服务者的情节。

Matteo has a strong sexual ambiguity, a problem with women, but nonetheless he still feels attracted by them. He falls a little for Giorgia (Jasmine Trinca), but is unable to understand her silent love declaration beside the jukebox. He falls a little for Mirella (Maya Sansa), but is unable to return her generosity. He has a strong-repressed, undisclosed-homosexuality. In the beginning while bringing his brother and friends to a whore, we see him already with changed features. She's going to be the first one to tell us that Matteo is "weird". And during the years, prostitutes are going to be a fixed appointment, as substitutes for the real women he doesn't want or doesn't know how to deal with. The last one will be a transvestite.

补充翻译一下这段英文，只把英文放在这里又没有翻译，确实是我懒了，也影响了很多朋友理解影片。

Alessio Boni

Alessio Boni这样理解他所饰演的Matteo这一角色：

Matteo有着一种强烈的性别模糊，在与女性打交道时存在障碍。尽管如此，他仍然会被女性吸引。他有一点喜欢Giorgia，但是却不能理解在点唱机旁她那种缄默的示爱；他也有一点喜欢Mirella，却无法回报她的慷慨付出。Matteo的身上有着被强烈压抑的、无法示人的同性情结。

在影片的开始，Matteo带着自己的兄弟和友人去狎妓，人们就可以看出这个角色身上的不同寻常。这里的妓女将是影片里第一个告诉观众Matteo有点“奇怪”的人。多年以来，每当Matteo不想，或者不知道如何和女性打交道时，跑去寻访性工作者就成了他的固定习惯，他把这些人当做是真正女性的“替代品”。Matteo的最后一个风尘伴侣是一名异装癖。

相信Alessio Boni的这番话来源于编剧、导演和他自己对于角色的理解，并且他把这种理解留在了影片中角色的身上。

好的演员对于好的角色塑造常常是在丰富的人物小传的基础上，我想表演者对于角色的解读更贴近于创作者的本意。不过在文艺作品评价上，我是一个“读者/观众至上主义者”，影片传递了什么观点、传递了多少观点，读者/观众的主观感知才是重点。

文艺作品不是语文考试的阅读理解题，没有一个“标准答案”。马迪奥是一个怎样的人，你的观点更重要。

当时写这篇文章只是因为在刷了两三次电影之后，我个人从前面文章里面提到的情节中感觉到了一些可能性，去网上搜索类似的观点，却发现中文网络上类似的讨论很少（其实英文网络上也不多，毕竟是意大利电影，还是时长6小时的小众文艺片），因此想把这个想法记录下来，如果有其他观众搜索类似的内容，他们至少可以找到点东西。换句话说，上面的观点不是一个“定论”，而是一个“坐标”。

It was a six hours long Italian movie. It was shown in a small theatre in SF’s Richmond district, very close to Pacific Ocean. I knew nothing about the movie, besides its length, before went in the theatre. I went because Gui thought it was worthy. I always trust Gui’s taste in movies. We were well-prepared, carried a small shopping bag full of various healthy soft drinks: chocolate soy milk, mango juice, and water, cookies, and chocolate, plus a small pillow for Gui’s back. It felt like a school field trip. Since the movie was shown in two parts with half an hour intermission in between. We only bought tickets to see the first half first. Left our option open in case we wanted to give up on the 2nd half. We ended up watching the movie in full. Before the second half started, we walked up and down the quiet street bathed in brilliant afternoon sunshine. The ocean is visible not far off, at the end of the street. Accidentally discovered a lovely coffee shop, too. (The coffee shop was named ‘Simple Pleasure Cafe’, with loads of old sofa in all shapes and sizes, plus a piano!) I liked the movie. Couldn’t get my mind clear of the story well into the evening. A few words from the ever so eloquent Anthony Lane: "This is how people find love in “The Best of Youth.” They meet in a small kitchen, where one of them calls the other a klutz for not being able to work the coffee machine. They talk about college, and exchange a look. That’s it. And this is how people make out: they fumble warmly in a car, beside a phone booth, with no music surging to their aid; unless you count the Roman rain outside, with its soft percussive beat. "All of which confirms that we are in the midst of verifiable human conduct. “The Best of Youth” runs, though never dawdles, for an easy six hours, with barely a false note. Directed by Marco Tullio Giordana, it was commissioned by Italian television; here it has already shown at Film Forum, in two three-hour chunks, and will play at Cinema Village before heading elsewhere across the country. There is absolutely no reason not to sacrifice a couple of your evenings for the sake of the Caratis, the lightly bound clan at the heart of Giordana’s epic; not, I should add, because they will offer you a pulsing escape from your own family life but precisely because the rhythm of their pleasures and scarrings will, over time, come to seem like a consoling echo of your own. When a movie starts, as this one does, with a dad interrupting his son’s homework and asking if he can help move a TV set, you know you are on home ground. " Warning, if you plan to watch the movie. Stop reading now. Don’t want to spoil your experiences. The story confirmed my conclusion about suicides once again, which was that suicide was never a premeditate decision. It was triggered by a spur of the moment weakness, loneliness. Maybe it was piled up by all kinds of depression and bottled up feelings left unexpressed. But that moment was never pre-determined. So there were many “what-ifs”. And all the “whatifs” might have would have prevented the tragedy. If someone they love would call at that moment, if someone they cared about happened to be with them, happened to show up, even if some stranger suddenly interfered at that moment, all would have turned out okay. That led to what the character in the movie, Nicola, concluded for himself, that he shouldn’t have left people he love alone. He always thought “people has the right to live however they pleased.” But sometimes the ones we love are not as strong as we perceived. They needed our voice of reason to nag them. They needed reassurance of love and the feeling that they were needed. The modern world, especially the western modern world’s politeness, and the respect for privacy sometimes led to deadly consequences. Because we are all so alone. We needed to know we are loved and we are needed. Constantly. That’s why I think gun is such an evil weapon. It helped that moment of weakness plunge into the abyss, with no return, no second chance. It was so final, so quick and so deadly. A couple of more interesting points about the movie: # My friend's Gui's comment: I kept thinking about the movie, too. Of Matteo’s death. Then a “side thought” came to me: if the actor wasn’t so beautiful, would I care as much? I doubt I would (I imagined if the charactor was played by… say, Matt Damon). Matteo was intelligent, sensitive, and well-meaning, but behaved quite a bit like a jerk. His beauty seems to be the thing that completes the package and makes it compelling. But if this movie was a novel — as many critics compared it to — it would be a different matter. Visual elements are always so simple and powerful. My Reply: I was actually thinking that the major mis-calculation on all Matteo’s friends and family made was the “intelligent” part. How he always got A’s. Everyone assumed that because he was highly intelligent so he must know what was best for himself. But Intelligence is overrated, not just in the case of Enron. Beauty certain helped. It, like you pointed out, perfected him even more. Turned him into a god, who could do no wrong. But gods do all kinds of stupid things, don’t they? They could get away with their deeds because they are immortal. - Anthony Lane’s Review from the New Yorker, Issue of 2005-04-25IN TRANSLATION : http://www.newyorker.com/printables/critics/050425crci_cinema