阿波罗11号

以下内容不是原创，是在百度百科以及知乎上面看到的。科普一下，登月不是只有烧钱。

百度百科内容：阿波罗计划始于1961年5月，至1972年12月第6次登月成功结束，历时约11年，耗资255亿美元。约占当年美国GDP的0.57%，约占当年美国全部科技研究开发经费的20%。提供了惊人的就业长期增长。在工程高峰时期，参加工程的有2万家企业、200多所大学和80多个科研机构，总人数超过30万人。其科技成果所带来的深刻影响，人类至今受益。

知乎内容：航天飞机是当年美国把各个领域的顶级技术集中到一起做出的一个产品，退役并不代表这些资金的投入没有价值。航天飞机虽然被雪藏了，它创造的顶级技术却一直存在。 航天飞机项目先后持续近40年，NASA里五大中心（约翰逊、马歇尔、戈达德、肯尼迪和斯坦尼斯）全程主要负责，带来了大量经费和科研产出；它的制造商，洛克希德·马丁，波音，轨道科学都是世界顶级的防务/航空/航天公司，在航天飞机项目上赚的盆满钵满。尤其是洛马的成长，在航天飞机项目周期内大量并购整合美国防务公司，现在是全世界最大的防务/军火公司。航天飞机项目消耗了美国半导体、集成电路、计算机、微电子等行业早期三分之一甚至一半的产品，直接促进了美国这些行业的崛起，全球领先。美国的大学和科研机构参与的毛毛多，这就不细说了。还有政治和文化价值。

电影结尾有一段是截取了肯尼迪之前为阿波罗航天计划发表的演讲《We Choose to Go to the Moon》

完整版如下：

President Pitzer, Mr. Vice President, Governor, Congressman Thomas, Senator Wiley, and Congressman Miller, Mr. Webb, Mr. Bell, scientists, distinguished guests, and ladies and gentlemen: I appreciate your president having made me an honorary visiting professor, and I will assure you that my first lecture will be very brief. I am delighted to be here and I'm particularly delighted to be here on this occasion. We meet at a college noted for knowledge, in a city noted for progress, in a state noted for strength, and we stand in need of all three, for we meet in an hour of change and challenge, in a decade of hope and fear, in an age of both knowledge and ignorance. The greater our knowledge increases, the greater our ignorance unfolds. Despite the striking fact that most of the scientists that the world has ever known are alive and working today, despite the fact that this Nation's own scientific manpower is doubling every 12 years in a rate of growth more than three times that of our population as a whole, despite that, the vast stretches of the unknown and the unanswered and the unfinished still far outstrip our collective comprehension. No man can fully grasp how far and how fast we have come, but condense, if you will, the 50 thousand years of man's recorded history in a time span of but a half-century. Stated in these terms, we know very little about the first 40 years, except at the end of them advanced man had learned to use the skins of animals to cover them. Then about 10 years ago, under this standard, man emerged from his caves to construct other kinds of shelter. Only five years ago man learned to write and use a cart with wheels. Christianity began less than two years ago. The printing press came this year, and then less than two months ago, during this whole 50-year span of human history, the steam engine provided a new source of power. Newton explored the meaning of gravity. Last month electric lights and telephones and automobiles and airplanes became available. Only last week did we develop penicillin and television and nuclear power, and now if America's new spacecraft succeeds in reaching Venus, we will have literally reached the stars before midnight tonight. This is a breathtaking pace, and such a pace cannot help but create new ills as it dispels old, new ignorance, new problems, new dangers. Surely the opening vistas of space promise high costs and hardships, as well as high reward. So it is not surprising that some would have us stay where we are a little longer to rest, to wait. But this city of Houston, this state of Texas, this country of the United States was not built by those who waited and rested and wished to look behind them. This country was conquered by those who moved forward—and so will space. William Bradford, speaking in 1630 of the founding of the Plymouth Bay Colony, said that all great and honorable actions are accompanied with great difficulties, and both must be enterprised and overcome with answerable courage. If this capsule history of our progress teaches us anything, it is that man, in his quest for knowledge and progress, is determined and cannot be deterred. The exploration of space will go ahead, whether we join in it or not, and it is one of the great adventures of all time, and no nation which expects to be the leader of other nations can expect to stay behind in this race for space. Those who came before us made certain that this country rode the first waves of the industrial revolution, the first waves of modern invention, and the first wave of nuclear power, and this generation does not intend to founder in the backwash of the coming age of space. We mean to be a part of it—we mean to lead it. For the eyes of the world now look into space, to the moon and to the planets beyond, and we have vowed that we shall not see it governed by a hostile flag of conquest, but by a banner of freedom and peace. We have vowed that we shall not see space filled with weapons of mass destruction, but with instruments of knowledge and understanding. Yet the vows of this Nation can only be fulfilled if we in this Nation are first, and, therefore, we intend to be first. In short, our leadership in science and industry, our hopes for peace and security, our obligations to ourselves as well as others, all require us to make this effort, to solve these mysteries, to solve them for the good of all men, and to become the world's leading space-faring nation. We set sail on this new sea because there is new knowledge to be gained, and new rights to be won, and they must be won and used for the progress of all people. For space science, like nuclear science and all technology, has no conscience of its own. Whether it will become a force for good or ill depends on man, and only if the United States occupies a position of pre-eminence can we help decide whether this new ocean will be a sea of peace or a new terrifying theater of war. I do not say that we should or will go unprotected against the hostile misuse of space any more than we go unprotected against the hostile use of land or sea, but I do say that space can be explored and mastered without feeding the fires of war, without repeating the mistakes that man has made in extending his writ around this globe of ours. There is no strife, no prejudice, no national conflict in outer space as yet. Its hazards are hostile to us all. Its conquest deserves the best of all mankind, and its opportunity for peaceful cooperation may never come again.But why, some say, the Moon? Why choose this as our goal? And they may well ask, why climb the highest mountain? Why, 35 years ago, fly the Atlantic? Why does Rice play Texas? 演讲现场 We choose to go to the Moon! We choose to go to the Moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard; because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills, because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, one we are unwilling to postpone, and one we intend to win, and the others, too. It is for these reasons that I regard the decision last year to shift our efforts in space from low to high gear as among the most important decisions that will be made during my incumbency in the office of the Presidency. In the last 24 hours we have seen facilities now being created for the greatest and most complex exploration in man's history. We have felt the ground shake and the air shattered by the testing of a Saturn C-1 booster rocket, many times as powerful as the Atlas which launched John Glenn, generating power equivalent to 10 thousand automobiles with their accelerators on the floor. We have seen the site where five F-1 rocket engines, each one as powerful as all eight engines of the Saturn combined, will be clustered together to make the advanced Saturn missile, assembled in a new building to be built at Cape Canaveral as tall as a 48 story structure, as wide as a city block, and as long as two lengths of this field. Within these last 19 months at least 45 satellites have circled the earth. Some 40 of them were made in the United States of America and they were far more sophisticated and supplied far more knowledge to the people of the world than those of the Soviet Union. The Mariner spacecraft... (interrupted by applause) the Mariner spacecraft now on its way to Venus is the most intricate instrument in the history of space science. The accuracy of that shot is comparable to firing a missile from Cape Canaveral and dropping it in this stadium between the 40-yard lines. Transit satellites are helping our ships at sea to steer a safer course. Tiros satellites have given us unprecedented warnings of hurricanes and storms, and will do the same for forest fires and icebergs. We have had our failures, but so have others, even if they do not admit them. And they may be less public. To be sure,... (interrupted by applause) to be sure, we are behind, and will be behind for some time in manned flight. But we do not intend to stay behind, and in this decade, we shall make up and move ahead. The growth of our science and education will be enriched by new knowledge of our universe and environment, by new techniques of learning and mapping and observation, by new tools and computers for industry, medicine, the home as well as the school. Technical institutions, such as Rice, will reap the harvest of these gains. And finally, the space effort itself, while still in its infancy, has already created a great number of new companies, and tens of thousands of new jobs. Space and related industries are generating new demands in investment and skilled personnel, and this city and this state, and this region, will share greatly in this growth. What was once the furthest outpost on the old frontier of the West will be the furthest outpost on the new frontier of science and space. Houston, (interrupted by applause) your city of Houston, with its Manned Spacecraft Center, will become the heart of a large scientific and engineering community. During the next 5 years the National Aeronautics and Space Administration expects to double the number of scientists and engineers in this area, to increase its outlays for salaries and expenses to 60 million dollars a year; to invest some 200 million dollars in plant and laboratory facilities; and to direct or contract for new space efforts over 1 billion dollars from this center in this city. To be sure, all this costs us all a good deal of money. This year's space budget is three times what it was in January 1961, and it is greater than the space budget of the previous eight years combined. That budget now stands at 5 billion 400 million dollars a year—a staggering sum, though somewhat less than we pay for cigarettes and cigars every year. Space expenditures will soon rise some more, from 40 cents per person per week to more than 50 cents a week for every man, woman and child in the United States, for we have given this program a high national priority—even though I realize that this is in some measure an act of faith and vision, for we do not now know what benefits await us. But if I were to say, my fellow citizens, that we shall send to the moon, 240 thousand miles away from the control station in Houston, a giant rocket more than 300 feet tall, the length of this football field, made of new metal alloys, some of which have not yet been invented, capable of standing heat and stresses several times more than have ever been experienced, fitted together with a precision better than the finest watch, carrying all the equipment needed for propulsion, guidance, control, communications, food and survival, on an untried mission, to an unknown celestial body, and then return it safely to earth, re-entering the atmosphere at speeds of over 25 thousand miles per hour, causing heat about half that of the temperature of the sun—almost as hot as it is here today—and do all this, and do it right, and do it first before this decade is out—then we must be bold. I'm the one who is doing all the work, so we just want you to stay cool for a minute. However, I think we're going to do it, and I think that we must pay what needs to be paid. I don't think we ought to waste any money, but I think we ought to do the job. And this will be done in the decade of the Sixties. It may be done while some of you are still here at school at this college and university. It will be done during the terms of office of some of the people who sit here on this platform. But it will be done. And it will be done before the end of this decade. And I am delighted that this university is playing a part in putting a man on the moon as part of a great national effort of the United States of America. Many years ago the great British explorer George Mallory, who was to die on Mount Everest, was asked why did he want to climb it. He said, "Because it is there." Well, space is there, and we're going to climb it, and the moon and the planets are there, and new hopes for knowledge and peace are there. And, therefore, as we set sail we ask God's blessing on the most hazardous and dangerous and greatest adventure on which man has ever embarked. Thank you.

当时的英语课文中有一篇是关于登月的，老师顺便说起。

1969年，他下放在某矿区劳动，订的加拿大的《工人报》（印象中是这个名称）。

那天正在读报，旁边的工人看到了报上的图片，问：钱老师这是什么事，答是美帝登上了月亮。

于是引起轰动，全矿争相来看报纸。

钱自知事情搞大了，胆战心惊向领导报告，并称，这报纸不是反动刊物， 是工人阶级的报纸。

领导还算开明，要求报纸收起来，不要再传了。此事最后不了了之。

英语老师叫钱德明，苏大的老师，小时候读的上海教会学校，精通英语与法语等，会棒球。

如果有上帝，那么上帝看到人类造出来的任何称之为高科技的东西，都如同三岁小孩捏的彩泥。以上帝的视角来看，这世上本没有所谓的高科技，一切只不过是不同物质和信息的不同组合方式。但这不关键，谁叫我们沉湎其中，并为之感动。那些突破想象力边界，去创造世界的永无止尽的好奇心；那些勇于承担风险，并愿意孜孜不倦努力奋斗的胆量跟毅力；是人类几十万年来，最宝贵的东西。

有和平的环境，任何人都有机会施展自己的才华，去触碰想象力的边界；认知求真，知行合一。这样的社会，才是有希望的社会。

看完真的是内心久久不能平静。回家以后，总也忘不掉那些在海滩上看火箭发射的人们，以及那个迷人的1969年夏天。有的人也许是太期待了，在海滩上过了一夜，不修边幅地躺在汽车上，头发乱糟糟的。但大多数人也许只是在佛罗里达度假，顺带看个热闹，这我不知道。只是，我从他们的眼中、照相机中、望远镜中看到了人类对未知的好奇心与探索欲。亲眼目睹火箭发射的小孩心中也许留下了永远无法磨灭的印记。代表人类顶尖智慧的头脑挤满了火箭发射中心，紧张有序地工作着。从他们无名指上戴着的戒指来看，许多都已结婚了。他们的家在美丽的地球上，他们同时也想把人类送到更远的地方看看。

（画一张海报，献给这部壮丽的纪录片↓）

That'sone small step forman.

One giant leapfor mankind.

---Neil Armstrong

美国纪录片《阿波罗11号》

作品类型：纪录片

主要演员：Neil Armstrong

故事概述：阿波罗11号登月实录

上映时间：2019年3月1日在美国上映

作品获奖一览：

如此惊艳的纪录片，不可多得，堪称年度最佳。不多赘述，进入“登月时刻”。

写在前面，观影前展望。

1，有关登月作品，电影也好、文学也罢，看过不少，但能够排得上号的，只有95年汤姆·汉克斯主演的《阿波罗13号》，其他皆是过眼云烟，此次《阿波罗11号》会有如何表现？令人期待。

2，见证历史时刻（登月壮举），虽然不能亲临现场，但依然心潮起伏，激动万分。

3，浏览评论，了解到本片是由真实影像重新剪切而成，资料珍贵，吾等有幸一饱眼福，实在难得。

边看边写，观影中感慨。

1，画面太美了，怎么做到？

这画质、纹理，足以媲美当今科幻巨作（有过之而无不及），如此精致的纪录片，这年头（急功近利的年代）真不多见。

2，剪辑太赞了，如何实现？

众所周知，这部影片是由众多“纪录碎片”拼接而成。故事中，从前期升空准备、到中期登陆月球、再到后期降落地球，每个阶段、每个场景的影像（衔接）皆是如此，利用“无痕拼接”，将其有条不紊的展现在观众眼前。

不过如何达到这般完美效果？

a，依靠剪辑师“妙手回春”

b，凭借剪辑师“穿针引线”

3，配乐太稳了，气势如虹。

这个“稳”体现在两个方面。

①背景乐的年代感与画面的历史感搭配沉稳

实现这一点，我们必须感谢Moog Synthesizer IIIc的运用，懂音乐的人都知道，这玩意（合成器）可是那个年代（上世纪60/70年度）的极品装备。编曲Matt Morton将这哥们请出来，为影片服务，完美呈现本作年代感。

②音效再现登月之紧张气氛

如果说Matt的配乐为本作主旋律打下根基，那么拟音师Eric则为影片的“昨日重现”（历史韵味）保驾护航。

由于年代关系，许多录音资料都失真了，拿出来，不能用，不得以重新创建声音文件，比如“火箭发射”、“登月时的脚步声”、“操控室的欢呼”...，都需要另起炉灶。说实话，这就很考验拟音师的专业水准了，既要再现“真实性”、又要匹配“背景乐”，还要突出“年代感”，做好了，不容易。好在Eric技高一筹，顺利搞定。

写在最后，观影后随笔。

1，纪录片《阿波罗11号》与剧情片《阿波罗13号》有着太多相似点，不仔细看，难以分辨谁真谁假。

2，白人的世界，其他人种靠边站。剧中有这么一段话，“xxx带领的白人技术团队”，什么叫“白人技术团队”，这话真心刺耳，一副高高在上的样子。不理解，今时今日，还会在纪录片影像中出现这种词汇（竟然没有隐去），这是技术失误？还是“挑衅行为”？

3，人类登月的历史意义不言而喻，但从本作中，笔者丝毫没有感受到美国民众的热烈反响，相比之下，政府却是津津乐道，这样看来，“登月”行动更像是政治游戏的一环，而不是宣传的“服务全人类”、“开拓人类的视野”。

不说了，不说了，如此“爱国”（usa）的纪录片，作为旁人无需叫真，包容即可。终。